academic discipline An academic discipline or academic field is a subdivision of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined (in part) and recognized by the academic journals in which research is published, a ...

or field of study is a branch of

knowledge Knowledge is an Declarative knowledge, awareness of facts, a Knowledge by acquaintance, familiarity with individuals and situations, or a Procedural knowledge, practical skill. Knowledge of facts, also called propositional knowledge, is oft ...

, taught and

research Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to ...

ed as part of

higher education Tertiary education (higher education, or post-secondary education) is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank defines tertiary education as including universities, colleges, and vocational schools ...

. A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by the university faculties and

learned societies A learned society ( ; also scholarly, intellectual, or academic society) is an organization that exists to promote an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines such as the arts and sciences. Membership may be open to al ...

to which they belong and the

academic journal An academic journal (or scholarly journal or scientific journal) is a periodical publication in which Scholarly method, scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. They serve as permanent and transparent forums for the ...

s in which they publish

. Disciplines vary between well-established ones in almost all universities with well-defined rosters of journals and conferences and nascent ones supported by only a few universities and publications. A discipline may have branches, which are often called sub-disciplines. The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to academic disciplines. In each case, an entry at the highest level of the hierarchy (e.g., Humanities) is a group of broadly similar disciplines; an entry at the next highest level (e.g., Music) is a discipline having some degree of autonomy and being the fundamental identity felt by its scholars. Lower levels of the hierarchy are sub-disciplines that do generally not have any role in the structure of the university's governance.

Humanities

Performing arts

Music Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of Musical form, form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise Musical expression, expressive content. Music is generally agreed to be a cultural universal that is present in all hum ...

( outline) ** Accompanying **

Chamber music Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of Musical instrument, instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a Great chamber, palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music ...

** Church music **

Conducting Conducting is the art of directing a musical performance, such as an orchestral or Choir, choral concert. It has been defined as "the art of directing the simultaneous performance of several players or singers by the use of gesture." The primary d ...

*** Choral conducting ***

Orchestra An orchestra (; ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which combines instruments from different families. There are typically four main sections of instruments: * String instruments, such as the violin, viola, cello, ...

l conducting *** Wind ensemble conducting **

Early music Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1750) or Ancient music (before 500 AD). Originating in Europe, early music is a broad Dates of classical ...

Jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its roots are in blues, ragtime, European harmony, African rhythmic rituals, spirituals, h ...

studies ( outline) **

Musical composition Musical composition can refer to an Originality, original piece or work of music, either Human voice, vocal or Musical instrument, instrumental, the musical form, structure of a musical piece or to the process of creating or writing a new pie ...

Music education Music education is a field of practice in which educators are trained for careers as primary education, elementary or secondary education, secondary music teachers, school or music conservatory ensemble directors. Music education is also a rese ...

** Music history **

Musicology Musicology is the academic, research-based study of music, as opposed to musical composition or performance. Musicology research combines and intersects with many fields, including psychology, sociology, acoustics, neurology, natural sciences, ...

*** Historical musicology *** Systematic musicology **

Ethnomusicology Ethnomusicology is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context. The discipline investigates social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investiga ...

Music theory Music theory is the study of theoretical frameworks for understanding the practices and possibilities of music. ''The Oxford Companion to Music'' describes three interrelated uses of the term "music theory": The first is the "Elements of music, ...

l studies ** Organology *** Organ and historical keyboards ***

Piano A piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when its keys are depressed, activating an Action (music), action mechanism where hammers strike String (music), strings. Modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, tuned to a c ...

*** Strings,

harp The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard; the strings are plucked with the fingers. Harps can be made and played in various ways, standing or sitting, and in orchestras or ...

, oud, and

guitar The guitar is a stringed musical instrument that is usually fretted (with Fretless guitar, some exceptions) and typically has six or Twelve-string guitar, twelve strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming ...

( outline) ***

Singing Singing is the art of creating music with the voice. It is the oldest form of musical expression, and the human voice can be considered the first musical instrument. The definition of singing varies across sources. Some sources define singi ...

*** Woodwinds,

brass Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally copper and zinc. I ...

, and

percussion A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a percussion mallet, beater including attached or enclosed beaters or Rattle (percussion beater), rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or ...

** Recording *

Dance Dance is an The arts, art form, consisting of sequences of body movements with aesthetic and often Symbol, symbolic value, either improvised or purposefully selected. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoir ...

( outline) **

Choreography Choreography is the art of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies (or their depictions) in which Motion (physics), motion or Visual appearance, form or both are specified. ''Choreography'' may also refer to the design itself. A chor ...

** Dance notation ** Ethnochoreology ** History of dance *

Television Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. Additionally, the term can refer to a physical television set rather than the medium of transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, ...

( outline) ** Television studies *

Theatre Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors to present experiences of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a Stage (theatre), stage. The performe ...

( outline) ** Acting ** Directing ** Dramaturgy **

History of theatre The history of theatre charts the development of theatre over the past 2,500 years. While performative elements are present in every society, it is customary to acknowledge a distinction between theatre as an art form and entertainment, and ' ...

Musical theatre Musical theatre is a form of theatre, theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through words, music, ...

** Playwrighting ** Puppetry ** Scenography ** Stage design ** Ventriloquism *

Film A film, also known as a movie or motion picture, is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, emotions, or atmosphere through the use of moving images that are generally, sinc ...

( outline) **

Animation Animation is a filmmaking technique whereby still images are manipulated to create moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film. Animati ...

Film criticism Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films and the film medium. In general, film criticism can be divided into two categories: Academic criticism by film studies, film scholars, who study the composition of film theory and publish ...

Filmmaking Filmmaking or film production is the process by which a Film, motion picture is produced. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, beginning with an initial story, idea, or commission. Production then continues through screen ...

Film theory Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of film or cinema studies that began in the 1920s by questioning the formal essential attributes of motion pictures; and that now provides conceptual frameworks for und ...

Live action Live action is a form of cinematography or videography that uses photography instead of animation. Some works combine live action with animation to create a live-action animated feature film. Live action is used to define film, video games o ...

Visual arts

Applied arts The applied arts are all the arts that apply design and decoration to everyday and essentially practical objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing."Applied art" in ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Online edition. Oxford Univ ...

Textile Arts Textile arts are arts and crafts that use fiber crop, plant, Animal fiber, animal, or synthetic fibers to construct practical or decorative Physical object, objects. Textiles have been a fundamental part of human life since the beginning of ...

Art director Art director is a title for a variety of similar job functions in theater, advertising, marketing, publishing, fashion, live-action and animated film and television, the Internet, and video games. It is the charge of a sole art director to supe ...

** Calligraphy ** Culinary Arts ** Outline of cuisines **

Decorative arts ] The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose aim is the design and manufacture of objects that are both beautiful and functional. This includes most of the objects for the interiors of buildings, as well as interior design, but typically excl ...

** Digital art **

Mixed media In visual art, mixed media describes work of art, artwork in which more than one Art medium, medium or material has been employed. Assemblages, collages, and sculpture are three common examples of art using different List of art media, media. M ...

** Printmaking ** Studio art **

Graphic design Graphic design is a profession, academic discipline and applied art that involves creating visual communications intended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives. Graphic design is an interdisciplinary branch of ...

Architecture Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and construction, constructi ...

( Outline of architecture) *** Interior architecture ***

Landscape architecture Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioural, or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the systematic design and general engineering of various structures for constructio ...

**** Landscape design **** Landscape planning *** Architectural analytics ***

Historic preservation Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philos ...

***

Interior design Interior design is the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space. With a keen eye for detail and a Creativity, creative flair, an ...

( interior architecture) ***

Technical drawing Technical drawing, drafting or drawing, is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed. Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and engineering. ...

* Fashion *

Fine arts In European academic traditions, fine art (or, fine arts) is made primarily for aesthetics or creativity, creative expression, distinguishing it from popular art, decorative art or applied art, which also either serve some practical function ...

Graphic arts A category of fine art, graphic art covers a broad range of visual artistic expression, typically two-dimensional graphics, i.e. produced on a flat surface,Drawing Drawing is a Visual arts, visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface, or a digital representation of such. Traditionally, the instruments used to make a drawing include pencils, crayons, and ink pens, some ...

( outline) ***

Painting Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

( outline) ***

Photography Photography is the visual arts, art, application, and practice of creating images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. It is empl ...

( outline) **

Sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

( outline)

History

''Also regarded as a

Social science Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among members within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the ...

'' * African history *

American history The history of the present-day United States began in roughly 15,000 BC with the arrival of Peopling of the Americas, the first people in the Americas. In the late 15th century, European colonization of the Americas, European colonization beg ...

Ancient history Ancient history is a time period from the History of writing, beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian language, ...

Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt () was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower E ...

Carthage Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the classic ...

** Ancient Greek history ( outline) ** Ancient Roman history ( outline) **

Assyria Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , ''māt Aššur'') was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC t ...

n Civilization **

Bronze Age The Bronze Age () was a historical period characterised principally by the use of bronze tools and the development of complex urban societies, as well as the adoption of writing in some areas. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of ...

Civilizations ** Biblical history ** History of the Indus Valley Civilization ** Preclassic Maya ** History of Mesopotamia ** The Stone Age ** History of the Yangtze civilization ** History of the Yellow River civilization *

Art History Art history is the study of Work of art, artistic works made throughout human history. Among other topics, it studies art’s formal qualities, its impact on societies and cultures, and how artistic styles have changed throughout history. Tradit ...

* Asian history **

Chinese history The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area. Each region now considered part of the Chinese world has experienced periods of unity, fracture, prosperity, and strife. Chinese civilization first emerged in the Y ...

** Indian history ( outline) **

Indonesian history The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic position, natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars and conquests, as well as by trade, economics and politics. Indonesia is an archipelago, archipelagic count ...

** Iranian history * Australian history * Cultural history * Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church *

Economic history Economic history is the study of history using methodological tools from economics or with a special attention to economic phenomena. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the Applied economics ...

* Environmental history * European history *

Intellectual history Intellectual history (also the history of ideas) is the study of the history of human thought and of intellectuals, people who conceptualization, conceptualize, discuss, write about, and concern themselves with ideas. The investigative premise of ...

Jewish history Jewish history is the history of the Jews, their Jewish peoplehood, nation, Judaism, religion, and Jewish culture, culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions and cultures. Jews originated from the Israelites and H ...

* Latin American history *

Modern history The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history. It was originally applied to the history of Europe and Western history for events that came after the Middle Ages, often from around the year 1500, ...

* Philosophical history ** Ancient philosophy ** Contemporary philosophy ** Medieval philosophy ***

Humanism Humanism is a philosophy, philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and Agency (philosophy), agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The me ...

( outline) ***

Scholasticism Scholasticism was a medieval European philosophical movement or methodology that was the predominant education in Europe from about 1100 to 1700. It is known for employing logically precise analyses and reconciling classical philosophy and Ca ...

** Modern philosophy *

Political history Political history is the narrative and survey of political events, ideas, movements, organs of government, voters, parties and leaders. It is closely related to other fields of history, including diplomatic history, constitutional history, soci ...

** History of political thought *

Pre-Columbian era In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era, also known as the pre-contact era, or as the pre-Cabraline era specifically in Brazil, spans from the initial peopling of the Americas in the Upper Paleolithic to the onset of European col ...

history *

Prehistory Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use ...

* Public history * Russian history * Scientific history * Technological history * World history

Languages and literature

Linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds ...

listed in Social science'' *

English studies English studies (or simply, English) is an academic discipline taught in primary, secondary, and post-secondary education in English-speaking countries. This is not to be confused with English taught as a foreign language, which is a dis ...

* Comics studies *

Comparative literature Comparative literature studies is an academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across language, linguistic, national, geographic, and discipline, disciplinary boundaries. Comparative literature "performs a role ...

* Creative writing **

Poetry Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in ...

Prose Prose is language that follows the natural flow or rhythm of speech, ordinary grammatical structures, or, in writing, typical conventions and formatting. Thus, prose ranges from informal speaking to formal academic writing. Prose differs most n ...

Non-fiction Non-fiction (or nonfiction) is any document or content (media), media content that attempts, in good faith, to convey information only about the real life, real world, rather than being grounded in imagination. Non-fiction typically aims to pre ...

Fiction Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying character (arts), individuals, events, or setting (narrative), places that are imagination, imaginary or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent ...

( outline) *

English literature English literature is literature written in the English language from the English-speaking world. The English language has developed over more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian languages, Anglo-Frisian d ...

* History of literature ** Ancient literature ** Medieval literature ** Post-colonial literature ** Post-modern literature *

Literary theory Literary theory is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for literary analysis. Culler 1997, p.1 Since the 19th century, literary scholarship includes literary theory and considerations of intellectual history, m ...

** Critical theory ( outline) **

Literary criticism A genre of arts criticism, literary criticism or literary studies is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical analysis of literature's ...

** Poetics * World literature ** American literature ***

African-American literature African American literature is the body of literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent. Phillis Wheatley was an enslaved African woman who became the first African American to publish a book of poetry, which was publis ...

*** Southern literature ** British literature **

Canadian literature Canadian literature is written in several languages including Canadian English, English, Canadian French, French, and various Indigenous Canadian languages. It is often divided into French- and English-language literatures, which are rooted in th ...

Indian English literature Indian English literature (IEL), also referred to as Indian Writing in English (IWE), is the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language but whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India ...

** Irish literature ** New Zealand literature ** Scottish literature ** South African literature ** Welsh literature

Law

''Also regarded as a

'' ''Also listed in Applied science'' *

Administrative law Administrative law is a division of law governing the activities of government agency, executive branch agencies of government. Administrative law includes executive branch rulemaking (executive branch rules are generally referred to as "regul ...

Canon law Canon law (from , , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical jurisdiction, ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its membe ...

* Civil law ** Admiralty law ** Animal law/

Animal rights Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all Animal consciousness, sentient animals have Moral patienthood, moral worth independent of their Utilitarianism, utility to humans, and that their most basic interests—such as ...

Civil procedure Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the rules and regulations along with some standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters). These rules govern how a lawsuit or ca ...

Common law Common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law primarily developed through judicial decisions rather than statutes. Although common law may incorporate certain statutes, it is largely based on prece ...

Contract law A contract is an agreement that specifies certain legally enforceable rights and obligations pertaining to two or more Party (law), parties. A contract typically involves consent to transfer of goods, Service (economics), services, money, or pr ...

Corporations A corporation or body corporate is an individual or a group of people, such as an association or company, that has been authorized by the State (polity), state to act as a single entity (a legal entity recognized by private and public law as ...

** Environmental law ** Family law **

Federal law Federal law is the body of law created by the federal government of a country. A federal government is formed when a country has a central government as well as regional governments, such as subnational states or provinces, each with constituti ...

International law International law, also known as public international law and the law of nations, is the set of Rule of law, rules, norms, Customary law, legal customs and standards that State (polity), states and other actors feel an obligation to, and generall ...

***

Public international law International law, also known as public international law and the law of nations, is the set of Rule of law, rules, norms, Customary law, legal customs and standards that State (polity), states and other actors feel an obligation to, and generall ...

*** Supranational law ** Labor law **

Property law Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property. Property refers to legally protected claims to resources, such as land and personal property, including intellectual prope ...

Tax law Tax law or revenue law is an area of legal study in which public or sanctioned authorities, such as federal, state and municipal governments (as in the case of the US) use a body of rules and procedures (laws) to assess and collect taxes in a ...

Tort law A tort is a civil wrong, other than breach of contract, that causes a claimant to suffer loss or harm, resulting in legal liability for the person who commits the tortious act. Tort law can be contrasted with criminal law, which deals with crime ...

( outline) *

Comparative law Comparative law is the study of differences and similarities between the law and legal systems of different countries. More specifically, it involves the study of the different legal systems (or "families") in existence around the world, includ ...

Competition law Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. It is also known as antitrust ...

Constitutional law Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in ...

Criminal law Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and Well-being, welfare of people inclusive of one's self. Most criminal l ...

Criminal justice Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of committing crimes. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include the rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other ...

( outline) **

Criminal procedure Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law. While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge with the person on trial either being free on bail ...

***

Forensic science Forensic science combines principles of law and science to investigate criminal activity. Through crime scene investigations and laboratory analysis, forensic scientists are able to link suspects to evidence. An example is determining the time and ...

( outline) *** Police science * Islamic law * Jewish law ( outline) *

Jurisprudence Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be. It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values ...

(Philosophy of Law) *

Legal management (academic discipline) Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been variously described as a science and as the a ...

Commercial law Commercial law (or business law), which is also known by other names such as mercantile law or trade law depending on jurisdiction; is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of Legal person, persons and organizations ...

Corporate law Corporate law (also known as company law or enterprise law) is the body of law governing the rights, relations, and conduct of persons, companies, organizations and businesses. The term refers to the legal practice of law relating to corpora ...

Procedural law Procedural law, adjective law, in some jurisdictions referred to as remedial law, or rules of court, comprises the rules by which a court hears and determines what happens in civil procedure, civil, lawsuit, criminal procedure, criminal or admini ...

* Substantive law

Philosophy

''Also regarded as the separate, an entry at the highest level of the hierarchy'' *

Aesthetics Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and taste (sociology), taste, which in a broad sense incorporates the philosophy of art.Slater, B. H.Aesthetics ''Internet Encyclopedia of Ph ...

( outline) * Applied philosophy ** Philosophy of economics ** Philosophy of education ** Philosophy of engineering **

Philosophy of history Philosophy of history is the philosophy, philosophical study of history and its academic discipline, discipline. The term was coined by the French philosopher Voltaire. In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between the ''specul ...

Philosophy of language Philosophy of language refers to the philosophical study of the nature of language. It investigates the relationship between language, language users, and the world. Investigations may include inquiry into the nature of Meaning (philosophy), me ...

** Philosophy of law ** Philosophy of mathematics **

Philosophy of music Philosophy of music is the study of "fundamental questions about the nature and value of music and our experience of it".Andrew Kania,The Philosophy of Music, ''The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', Spring 2014 edition, edited by Edward N. Zal ...

** Philosophy of psychology **

Philosophy of religion Philosophy of religion is "the philosophical examination of the central themes and concepts involved in religious traditions". Philosophical discussions on such topics date from ancient times, and appear in the earliest known Text (literary theo ...

** Philosophy of physical sciences ***

Philosophy of biology The philosophy of biology is a subfield of philosophy of science, which deals with epistemology, epistemological, metaphysics, metaphysical, and ethics, ethical issues in the biological and biomedical sciences. Although philosophers of science and ...

*** Philosophy of chemistry ***

Philosophy of physics In philosophy, the philosophy of physics deals with conceptual and interpretational issues in physics, many of which overlap with research done by certain kinds of theoretical physicists. Historically, philosophers of physics have engaged with ...

Philosophy of social science Philosophy of social science examines how social science integrates with other related scientific disciplines, which implies a rigorous, systematic endeavor to build and organize knowledge relevant to the interaction between individual people and ...

** Philosophy of technology ** Systems philosophy **

Political Philosophy Political philosophy studies the theoretical and conceptual foundations of politics. It examines the nature, scope, and Political legitimacy, legitimacy of political institutions, such as State (polity), states. This field investigates different ...

Epistemology Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge. Also called "the theory of knowledge", it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowle ...

( outline) ** Justification ** Reasoning errors *

Ethics Ethics is the philosophy, philosophical study of Morality, moral phenomena. Also called moral philosophy, it investigates Normativity, normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. Its main branches inclu ...

( outline) ** Applied ethics ***

*** Bioethics ***

Environmental ethics In environmental philosophy, environmental ethics is an established field of practical philosophy "which reconstructs the essential types of argumentation that can be made for protecting natural entities and the sustainable use of natural resourc ...

** Meta-ethics ** Moral psychology,

Descriptive ethics Descriptive ethics, also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality. It contrasts with prescriptive or normative ethics, which is the study of ethical theories that prescribe how people ought to act, and with met ...

Value theory Value theory, also called ''axiology'', studies the nature, sources, and types of Value (ethics and social sciences), values. It is a branch of philosophy and an interdisciplinary field closely associated with social sciences such as economics, ...

** Normative ethics *** Virtue ethics *

Logic Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based on the structure o ...

( outline) **

Mathematical logic Mathematical logic is the study of Logic#Formal logic, formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory (also known as computability theory). Research in mathematical logic com ...

** Philosophical logic * Meta-philosophy *

Metaphysics Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the conceptual framework of ...

( outline) ** Philosophy of Action **

Determinism Determinism is the Metaphysics, metaphysical view that all events within the universe (or multiverse) can occur only in one possible way. Deterministic theories throughout the history of philosophy have developed from diverse and sometimes ov ...

and

Free will Free will is generally understood as the capacity or ability of people to (a) choice, choose between different possible courses of Action (philosophy), action, (b) exercise control over their actions in a way that is necessary for moral respon ...

Ontology Ontology is the philosophical study of existence, being. It is traditionally understood as the subdiscipline of metaphysics focused on the most general features of reality. As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of realit ...

Philosophy of mind Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of the mind and its relation to the Body (biology), body and the Reality, external world. The mind–body problem is a paradigmatic issue in philosophy of mind, although a ...

*** Philosophy of pain ***

Philosophy of artificial intelligence The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a branch of the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of computer science that explores artificial intelligence and its implications for knowledge and understanding of intelligence, ethics, conscious ...

***

Philosophy of perception The philosophy of perception is concerned with the nature of Perception, perceptual experience and the status of sense data, perceptual data, in particular how they relate to beliefs about, or knowledge of, the world.cf. http://plato.stanford.ed ...

** Philosophy of space and time **

Teleology Teleology (from , and )Partridge, Eric. 1977''Origins: A Short Etymological Dictionary of Modern English'' London: Routledge, p. 4187. or finalityDubray, Charles. 2020 912Teleology. In ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' 14. New York: Robert Appleton ...

** Theism and

Atheism Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the Existence of God, existence of Deity, deities. Less broadly, atheism is a rejection of the belief that any deities exist. In an even narrower sense, atheism is specifically the ...

* Philosophical traditions and schools **

African philosophy African philosophy is the philosophical discourse produced using indigenous African thought systems. :African philosophers, African philosophers are found in the various academic fields of present philosophy, such as metaphysics, epistemology, E ...

Analytic philosophy Analytic philosophy is a broad movement within Western philosophy, especially English-speaking world, anglophone philosophy, focused on analysis as a philosophical method; clarity of prose; rigor in arguments; and making use of formal logic, mat ...

Aristotelianism Aristotelianism ( ) is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by Prior Analytics, deductive logic and an Posterior Analytics, analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics ...

Continental philosophy Continental philosophy is a group of philosophies prominent in 20th-century continental Europe that derive from a broadly Kantianism, Kantian tradition.Continental philosophers usually identify such conditions with the transcendental subject or ...

** Eastern philosophy **

Feminist philosophy Feminist philosophy is an approach to philosophy from a feminist perspective and also the employment of philosophical methods to feminist topics and questions. Feminist philosophy involves both reinterpreting philosophical texts and methods in ...

Islamic philosophy Islamic philosophy is philosophy that emerges from the Islamic tradition. Two terms traditionally used in the Islamic world are sometimes translated as philosophy—''falsafa'' (), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and p ...

Platonism Platonism is the philosophy of Plato and philosophical systems closely derived from it, though contemporary Platonists do not necessarily accept all doctrines of Plato. Platonism has had a profound effect on Western thought. At the most fundam ...

Social philosophy Social philosophy is the study and interpretation of society and social institutions in terms of ethical values rather than empirical relations. Social philosophers emphasize understanding the social contexts for political, legal, moral and cultur ...

and

political philosophy Political philosophy studies the theoretical and conceptual foundations of politics. It examines the nature, scope, and Political legitimacy, legitimacy of political institutions, such as State (polity), states. This field investigates different ...

Anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. A ...

( outline) **

Libertarianism Libertarianism (from ; or from ) is a political philosophy that holds freedom, personal sovereignty, and liberty as primary values. Many libertarians believe that the concept of freedom is in accord with the Non-Aggression Principle, according t ...

( outline) **

Marxism Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflict, ...

Religious studies

''Also regarded as a

social science Social science (often rendered in the plural as the social sciences) is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among members within those societies. The term was formerly used to refer to the ...

'' *

History of Religion The history of religion is the written record of human religious feelings, thoughts, and ideas. This period of religious history begins with the invention of writing about 5,200 years ago (3200 BCE). The Prehistoric religion, prehistory of reli ...

* Anthropology of Religion *

Sociology of Religion Sociology of religion is the study of the beliefs, practices and organizational forms of religion using the tools and methods of the discipline of sociology. This objective investigation may include the use both of Quantitative research, quantit ...

* Psychology of Religion * Phenomenology of Religion *

Philosophy of Religion Philosophy of religion is "the philosophical examination of the central themes and concepts involved in religious traditions". Philosophical discussions on such topics date from ancient times, and appear in the earliest known Text (literary theo ...

Divinity

* Church history * Field ministry ** Pastoral counseling ** Pastoral theology ** Religious education techniques ** Homiletics **

Liturgy Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise, thanksgiving, remembra ...

** Sacred music ** Missiology * Hermeneutics * Scriptural study and languages **

Biblical Hebrew Biblical Hebrew ( or ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanite languages, Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Isra ...

Biblical studies Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with ''Bible'' referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the can ...

/ Sacred Scripture ** Vedic Study ** New Testament Greek **

Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...

Old Church Slavonic Old Church Slavonic or Old Slavonic ( ) is the first Slavic languages, Slavic literary language and the oldest extant written Slavonic language attested in literary sources. It belongs to the South Slavic languages, South Slavic subgroup of the ...

Theology Theology is the study of religious belief from a Religion, religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an Discipline (academia), academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itse ...

( outline) ** Dogmatic theology **

Ecclesiology In Christian theology, ecclesiology is the study of the Church, the origins of Christianity, its relationship to Jesus, its role in salvation, its polity, its discipline, its eschatology, and its leadership. In its early history, one of th ...

Sacrament A sacrament is a Christian rite which is recognized as being particularly important and significant. There are various views on the existence, number and meaning of such rites. Many Christians consider the sacraments to be a visible symbol ...

al theology ** Systematic theology ** Christian ethics ** Hindu ethics ** Moral theology ** Historical theology

Theology

Koine Greek Koine Greek (, ), also variously known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the koiné language, common supra-regional form of Greek language, Greek spoken and ...

Aramaic Aramaic (; ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, Sinai, southeastern Anatolia, and Eastern Arabia, where it has been continually written a ...

* Buddhist theology ** Pali Studies *

Christian theology Christian theology is the theology – the systematic study of the divine and religion – of Christianity, Christian belief and practice. It concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Ch ...

** Anglican theology ** Baptist theology ** Catholic theology ** Eastern Orthodox theology ** Protestant theology * Hindu theology ** Sanskrit Studies ** Dravidian Studies * Jewish theology * Muslim theology ** Arabic Studies

Social science

Anthropology

Biological anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly fro ...

Linguistic anthropology Linguistic anthropology is the interdisciplinary study of how language influences social life. It is a branch of anthropology that originated from the endeavor to document endangered languages and has grown over the past century to encompass mo ...

Cultural anthropology Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans. It is in contrast to social anthropology, which perceives cultural variation as a subset of a posited anthropological constant. The term ...

Social anthropology Social anthropology is the study of patterns of behaviour in human societies and cultures. It is the dominant constituent of anthropology throughout the United Kingdom and much of Europe, where it is distinguished from cultural anthropology. In t ...

* Paleoanthropology

Archaeology

* Biocultural anthropology * Evolutionary anthropology *

Feminist archaeology Feminist archaeology employs a feminist perspective in interpreting past societies. It often focuses on gender, but also considers gender in tandem with other factors, such as sexuality, race, or class. Feminist archaeology has critiqued the ...

* Forensic anthropology *

Maritime archaeology Maritime archaeology (also known as marine archaeology) is a discipline within archaeology as a whole that specifically studies human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers through the study of associated physical remains, be they vessels, sh ...

Futurology (also known as future studies or prospective studies)

''Main articles: Outline of futures studies and Futures studies'' * Cashless Society * Climate

Economics

* Agricultural economics *

Applied economics Applied economics is the application of economic theory and econometrics in specific settings. As one of the two sets of fields of economics (the other set being the ''core''), it is typically characterized by the application of the ''core'', i.e ...

Behavioural economics Behavioral economics is the study of the psychological (e.g. cognitive, behavioral, affective, social) factors involved in the decisions of individuals or institutions, and how these decisions deviate from those implied by traditional economi ...

* Computational economics * Development economics *

Econometrics Econometrics is an application of statistical methods to economic data in order to give empirical content to economic relationships. M. Hashem Pesaran (1987). "Econometrics", '' The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 2, p. 8 p. 8 ...

* Economic geography *

Economic sociology Economic sociology is the study of the social cause and effect of various economic phenomena. The field can be broadly divided into a classical period and a contemporary one, known as "new economic sociology". The classical period was concerned ...

Economic systems An economic system, or economic order, is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within an economy. It includes the combination of the various institutions, agencies, entities, decision-making proces ...

* Education economics * Energy economics * Environmental economics * Experimental economics *

Family economics Family economics applies economic concepts such as production, division of labor, distribution of wealth, distribution, and decision making to the family. It is used to explain outcomes unique to family—such as marriage, the decision to hav ...

Financial economics Financial economics is the branch of economics characterized by a "concentration on monetary activities", in which "money of one type or another is likely to appear on ''both sides'' of a trade".William F. Sharpe"Financial Economics", in Its co ...

* Growth economics * Information economics *

Institutional economics Institutional economics focuses on understanding the role of the Sociocultural evolution, evolutionary process and the role of institutions in shaping Economy, economic Human behavior, behavior. Its original focus lay in Thorstein Veblen's instin ...

* International economics * Labor economics *

Health economics Health economics is a branch of economics concerned with issues related to Health care efficiency, efficiency, effectiveness, value and behavior in the production and consumption of health and healthcare. Health economics is important in dete ...

* Law and economics *

Macroeconomics Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes regional, national, and global economies. Macroeconomists study topics such as output (econ ...

Managerial economics Managerial economics is a branch of economics involving the application of economic methods in the organizational decision-making process.* * * Economics is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Manag ...

Mathematical economics Mathematical economics is the application of Mathematics, mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. Often, these Applied mathematics#Economics, applied methods are beyond simple geometry, and may include diff ...

Microeconomics Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and Theory of the firm, firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarcity, scarce resources and the interactions among these individuals and firms. M ...

Monetary economics Monetary economics is the branch of economics that studies the different theories of money: it provides a framework for analyzing money and considers its functions (as medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account), and it considers how m ...

Neuroeconomics Neuroeconomics is an Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary field that seeks to explain human decision-making, the ability to process multiple alternatives and to follow through on a plan of action. It studies how economic behavior can shape our u ...

Political economy Political or comparative economy is a branch of political science and economics studying economic systems (e.g. Marketplace, markets and national economies) and their governance by political systems (e.g. law, institutions, and government). Wi ...

Public economics Public economics ''(or economics of the public sector)'' is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and Equity (economics), equity. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as ...

* Public choice * Public finance * Real estate economics *

Resource economics Natural resource economics deals with the Supply (economics), supply, Demand (economics), demand, and Resource allocation, allocation of the Earth's natural resources. One main objective of natural resource economics is to better understand th ...

Social choice theory Social choice theory is a branch of welfare economics that extends the Decision theory, theory of rational choice to collective decision-making. Social choice studies the behavior of different mathematical procedures (social welfare function, soc ...

* Transport economics *

Welfare economics Welfare economics is a field of economics that applies microeconomic techniques to evaluate the overall well-being (welfare) of a society. The principles of welfare economics are often used to inform public economics, which focuses on the ...

Geography

Physical geography Physical geography (also known as physiography) is one of the three main branches of geography. Physical geography is the branch of natural science which deals with the processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere, h ...

(is also listed in

Earth Science Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres ...

) ** Atmology **

Biogeography Biogeography is the study of the species distribution, distribution of species and ecosystems in geography, geographic space and through evolutionary history of life, geological time. Organisms and biological community (ecology), communities o ...

Climatology Climatology (from Greek , ''klima'', "slope"; and , '' -logia'') or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years. Climate concerns the atmospher ...

** Coastal geography **

Emergency management Emergency management (also Disaster management) is a science and a system charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters. Emergency management, despite its name, does not actu ...

** Environmental geography ** Geobiology **

Geochemistry Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans. The realm of geochemistry extends beyond the Earth, encompassing the e ...

Geographic information system A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and Geographic information system software, software that store, manage, Spatial analysis, analyze, edit, output, and Cartographic design, visualize Geographic data ...

s **

Geology Geology (). is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth ...

** Geomatics **

Geomorphology Geomorphology () is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand wh ...

Geophysics Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and Physical property, properties of Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. Geophysicists conduct i ...

Glaciology Glaciology (; ) is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice. Glaciology is an interdisciplinary Earth science that integrates geophysics, geology, physical geography, geomorphology, clim ...

Hydrology Hydrology () is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and drainage basin sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is called a hydro ...

** Landscape ecology ** Lithology **

Meteorology Meteorology is the scientific study of the Earth's atmosphere and short-term atmospheric phenomena (i.e. weather), with a focus on weather forecasting. It has applications in the military, aviation, energy production, transport, agricultur ...

Mineralogy Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical mineralogy, optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifact (archaeology), artifacts. Specific s ...

Oceanography Oceanography (), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of to ...

** Palaeogeography **

Palaeontology Paleontology, also spelled as palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of the life of the past, mainly but not exclusively through the study of fossils. Paleontologists use fossils as a means to classify organisms, measure geo ...

Petrology Petrology () is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form. Petrology has three subdivisions: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary petrology. Igneous ...

** Quaternary science ** Soil geography *

Human geography Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography which studies spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, and their interactions with the environment, examples of which include urban sprawl and urban ...

** Behavioural geography ** Cognitive geography **

Cultural geography Cultural geography is a subfield within human geography. Though the first traces of the study of different nations and cultures on Earth can be dated back to ancient geographers such as Ptolemy or Strabo, cultural geography as academic study fir ...

** Development geography ** Economic geography ** Health geography ** Historical geography ** Language geography ** Mathematical geography ** Marketing geography **

Military geography Military geography is a sub-field of geography that is used by the military, as well as academics and politicians, to understand the geopolitics, geopolitical sphere through the military lens. To accomplish these ends, military geographers consi ...

** Political geography ** Population geography ** Religion geography ** Social geography ** Strategic geography ** Time geography ** Tourism geography ** Transport geography **

Urban geography Urban geography is the subdiscipline of geography that derives from a study of cities and urban processes. Urban geographers and urbanists examine various aspects of urban life and the built environment. Scholars, activists, and the public have ...

* Integrated geography *

Cartography Cartography (; from , 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and , 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an imagined reality) can ...

** Celestial cartography ** Planetary cartography **

Topography Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces. The topography of an area may refer to the landforms and features themselves, or a description or depiction in maps. Topography is a field of geoscience and planetary sci ...

Linguistics

''Also regarded as a formal science'' *

Applied linguistics Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, Communication stu ...

* Composition studies * Computational linguistics *

Discourse analysis Discourse analysis (DA), or discourse studies, is an approach to the analysis of written, spoken, or sign language, including any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse analysis (discourse, writing, conversation, communicative sy ...

Etymology Etymology ( ) is the study of the origin and evolution of words—including their constituent units of sound and meaning—across time. In the 21st century a subfield within linguistics, etymology has become a more rigorously scientific study. ...

Grammar In linguistics, grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rul ...

* Grammatology *

Historical linguistics Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical li ...

* History of linguistics * Interlinguistics * Lexicology *

Linguistic typology Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison. Its aim is to describe and explain the structural diversity and the co ...

Morphology (linguistics) In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language. Most approaches to morphology investigate the structure of words in terms of morphemes, wh ...

Natural language processing Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of computer science and especially artificial intelligence. It is primarily concerned with providing computers with the ability to process data encoded in natural language and is thus closely related ...

Philology Philology () is the study of language in Oral tradition, oral and writing, written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also de ...

Phonetics Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds or, in the case of sign languages, the equivalent aspects of sign. Linguists who specialize in studying the physical properties of speech are phoneticians ...

Phonology Phonology (formerly also phonemics or phonematics: "phonemics ''n.'' 'obsolescent''1. Any procedure for identifying the phonemes of a language from a corpus of data. 2. (formerly also phonematics) A former synonym for phonology, often pre ...

Pragmatics In linguistics and the philosophy of language, pragmatics is the study of how Context (linguistics), context contributes to meaning. The field of study evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship ...

Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics or psychology of language is the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects. The discipline is mainly concerned with the mechanisms by which language is processed and represented in the mind ...

Rhetoric Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. It is one of the three ancient arts of discourse ( trivium) along with grammar and logic/ dialectic. As an academic discipline within the humanities, rhetoric aims to study the techniques that speakers or w ...

Semantics Semantics is the study of linguistic Meaning (philosophy), meaning. It examines what meaning is, how words get their meaning, and how the meaning of a complex expression depends on its parts. Part of this process involves the distinction betwee ...

Semiotics Semiotics ( ) is the systematic study of sign processes and the communication of meaning. In semiotics, a sign is defined as anything that communicates intentional and unintentional meaning or feelings to the sign's interpreter. Semiosis is a ...

( outline) * Sociolinguistics *

Syntax In linguistics, syntax ( ) is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituenc ...

* Usage * Word usage

Political science

* American politics * Canadian politics *

Civics In the field of political science, civics is the study of the civil and political rights and obligations of citizens in a society. The term ''civics'' derives from the Latin word ''civicus'', meaning "relating to a citizen". In U.S. politics ...

Health politics Health politics or politics of health is an Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary field of study concerned with the analysis of Power (social and political), social and political power over the health status of individuals. Health politics, i ...

* Biopolitics * Comparative politics * European studies *

Geopolitics Geopolitics () is the study of the effects of Earth's geography on politics and international relations. Geopolitics usually refers to countries and relations between them, it may also focus on two other kinds of State (polity), states: ''de fac ...

( Political geography) *

International relations International relations (IR, and also referred to as international studies, international politics, or international affairs) is an academic discipline. In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns al ...

International organization An international organization, also known as an intergovernmental organization or an international institution, is an organization that is established by a treaty or other type of instrument governed by international law and possesses its own le ...

s * Nationalism studies * Peace and conflict studies * Policy studies * Political behavior * Political culture *

Political philosophy Political philosophy studies the theoretical and conceptual foundations of politics. It examines the nature, scope, and Political legitimacy, legitimacy of political institutions, such as State (polity), states. This field investigates different ...

Public administration Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day",Kettl, Donald and James Fessler. 2009. ''The Politics of the ...

Public law Public law is the part of law that governs relations and affairs between legal persons and a government, between different institutions within a state, between different branches of governments, as well as relationships between persons that ...

* Psephology *

* Singapore politics

Psychology

* Abnormal psychology *

Applied psychology Applied psychology is the use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience. Educational and organizational psychology, business management, law, health, pro ...

* Biological psychology * Clinical neuropsychology * Clinical psychology *

Cognitive psychology Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, whi ...

* Community psychology * Comparative psychology * Conservation psychology * Consumer psychology * Counseling psychology * Criminal psychology * Cultural psychology ** Asian psychology ** Black psychology *

Developmental psychology Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives. Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development ...

* Differential psychology * Ecological psychology *

Educational psychology Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. The study of learning processes, from both cognitive psychology, cognitive and behavioral psychology, behavioral perspectives, allows researc ...

* Environmental psychology *

Evolutionary psychology Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in psychology that examines cognition and behavior from a modern evolutionary perspective. It seeks to identify human psychological adaptations with regard to the ancestral problems they evolved ...

Experimental psychology Experimental psychology is the work done by those who apply Experiment, experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ Research participant, human participants and Animal testing, anim ...

* Group psychology * Family psychology * Feminine psychology * Forensic developmental psychology * Forensic psychology * Health psychology * Humanistic psychology * Indigenous psychology * Legal psychology * Mathematical psychology * Media psychology * Medical psychology * Military psychology * Moral psychology and

Music psychology The psychology of music, or music psychology, is a branch of psychology, cognitive science, neuroscience, and/or musicology. It aims to explain and understand musical behaviour and experience, including the processes through which music is pe ...

Neuropsychology Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how a person's cognition and behavior are related to the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Professionals in this branch of psychology focus on how injuries or illnesses of the brai ...

* Occupational health psychology * Occupational psychology * Organizational psychology (a.k.a., Industrial Psychology) *

Parapsychology Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, teleportation, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry (paranormal), psychometry) and other paranormal cla ...

( outline) * Pediatric psychology * Pedology (children study) *

Personality psychology Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals. It aims to show how people are individually different due to psychological forces. Its areas of focus include: * Describing what per ...

Phenomenology Phenomenology may refer to: Art * Phenomenology (architecture), based on the experience of building materials and their sensory properties Philosophy * Phenomenology (Peirce), a branch of philosophy according to Charles Sanders Peirce (1839� ...

* Political psychology *

Positive psychology Positive psychology is the scientific study of conditions and processes that contribute to positive psychological states (e.g., contentment, joy), well-being, Positive psychology of relationships, positive relationships, and positive institutio ...

Psychoanalysis PsychoanalysisFrom Greek language, Greek: and is a set of theories and techniques of research to discover unconscious mind, unconscious processes and their influence on conscious mind, conscious thought, emotion and behaviour. Based on The Inte ...

* Psychobiology * Psychology of religion * Psychometrics * Psychopathology ** Child psychopathology *

Psychophysics Psychophysics is the field of psychology which quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimulus (physiology), stimuli and the sensation (psychology), sensations and perceptions they produce. Psychophysics has been described ...

* Quantitative psychology * Rehabilitation psychology * School psychology *

Social psychology Social psychology is the methodical study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Although studying many of the same substantive topics as its counterpart in the field ...

* Sport psychology * Traffic psychology * Transpersonal psychology

Sociology

* Analytical sociology * Applied sociology ** Leisure studies ** Political sociology ** Public sociology ** Social engineering * Architectural sociology *

Area studies Area studies, also known as regional studies, is an interdisciplinary field of research and scholarship pertaining to particular geographical, national/ federal, or cultural regions. The term exists primarily as a general description for what a ...

African studies African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's History of Africa, history (pre-colonial, Colonisation of Af ...

** American studies *** Appalachian studies *** Canadian studies *** Latin American studies ** Asian studies *** Central Asian studies *** East Asian studies *** Filipinology *** Iranian studies ***

Japanese studies , sometimes known as Japanology in Europe, is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese language, history, culture, litera ...

*** Korean studies *** Sinology ( outline) *** Indology (South Asian studies) **** Bengal studies **** Dravidian studies (Dravidology) **** Tamilology **** Pakistan studies **** Sindhology *** Southeast Asian studies *** Thai studies ** Australian studies ** European studies ***

Celtic studies Celtic studies or Celtology is the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to the Celts, Celtic-speaking peoples (i.e. speakers of Celtic languages). This ranges from linguistics, literature and art h ...

***

German studies German studies is an academic field that researches, documents and disseminates German language, literature, and culture in its historic and present forms. Academic departments of German studies therefore often focus on German culture, German h ...

*** Sociology in Poland *** Scandinavian studies ***

Slavic studies Slavic (American English) or Slavonic (British English) studies, also known as Slavistics, is the academic field of area studies concerned with Slavic peoples, Slavic peoples, languages, literature, history, and culture. Originally, a Slavist or ...

** Middle Eastern studies *** Arab studies *** Assyriology ***

Egyptology Egyptology (from ''Egypt'' and Ancient Greek, Greek , ''wiktionary:-logia, -logia''; ) is the scientific study of ancient Egypt. The topics studied include ancient Egyptian History of Egypt, history, Egyptian language, language, Ancient Egypt ...

*** Jewish studies * Behavioral sociology * Collective behavior **

Social movements A social movement is either a loosely or carefully organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one. This may be to carry out a social change, or to resist or undo one. It is a type of ...

* Community informatics **

Social network analysis Social network analysis (SNA) is the process of investigating social structures through the use of networks and graph theory. It characterizes networked structures in terms of ''nodes'' (individual actors, people, or things within the network) ...

Comparative sociology Comparative sociology involves comparison of the social processes between nation states, or across different types of society (for example capitalism, capitalist and socialist). There are two main approaches to comparative sociology: some seek si ...

* Conflict theory *

Criminology Criminology (from Latin , 'accusation', and Ancient Greek , ''-logia'', from λόγος ''logos'', 'word, reason') is the interdisciplinary study of crime and deviant behaviour. Criminology is a multidisciplinary field in both the behaviou ...

( outline) * Critical management studies * Critical sociology * Cultural sociology *

Cultural studies Cultural studies is an academic field that explores the dynamics of contemporary culture (including the politics of popular culture) and its social and historical foundations. Cultural studies researchers investigate how cultural practices rel ...

/ ethnic studies ** Africana studies ** Cross-cultural studies ** Culturology ** Deaf studies **

Ethnology Ethnology (from the , meaning 'nation') is an academic field and discipline that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them (compare cultural, social, or sociocultural anthropology). Sci ...

** Utopian studies ** Whiteness studies * Demography/

Population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...

* Digital sociology * Dramaturgical sociology *

* Educational sociology * Empirical sociology * Environmental sociology * Evolutionary sociology * Feminist sociology * Figurational sociology * Futures studies ( outline) * Gender studies **

Men's studies Men's studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to topics concerning men, masculinity, gender, culture, politics and sexuality. It academically examines what it means to be a man in contemporary society. Origins Sociologists ...

Women's studies Women's studies is an academic field that draws on Feminism, feminist and interdisciplinary methods to place women's lives and experiences at the center of study, while examining Social constructionism, social and cultural constructs of gender; ...

** Queer studies *

Historical sociology Historical sociology is an Interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary field of research that combines Sociology, sociological and History, historical methods to understand the past, how societies have developed over time, and the impact this has on ...

* Human ecology * Humanistic sociology * Industrial sociology * Interactionism * Interpretive sociology ** Ethnomethodology **

Social constructionism Social constructionism is a term used in sociology, social ontology, and communication theory. The term can serve somewhat different functions in each field; however, the foundation of this Conceptual framework, theoretical framework suggests ...

Symbolic interactionism Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that develops from practical considerations and alludes to humans' particular use of shared language to create common symbols and meanings, for use in both intra- and interpersonal communication. ...

* Jealousy sociology * Macrosociology * Marxist sociology * Mathematical sociology * Medical sociology * Mesosociology * Microsociology * Military sociology * Natural resource sociology *

Organizational theory Organizational theory refers to a series of interrelated concepts that involve the sociological study of the structures and operations of formal social organizations. Organizational theory also seeks to explain how interrelated units of organiza ...

** Organizational studies * Phenomenological sociology * Policy sociology *

Postcolonialism Postcolonialism (also post-colonial theory) is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and extractivism, exploitation of colonized pe ...

* Psychoanalytic sociology * Science studies/

Science and technology studies Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts. Histo ...

Sexology Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality, including human sexual interests, Human sexual activity, behaviors, and functions. The term ''sexology'' does not generally refer to the non-scientific study of sexuality, such as social crit ...

** Heterosexism ** Human sexual behavior ** Human sexuality ( outline) ** Queer studies/

Queer theory Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of queer studies (formerly often known as gay and lesbian studies) and women's studies. The term "queer theory" is broadly associated with the study a ...

Sex education Sex education, also known as sexual education, sexuality education or sex ed, is the instruction of issues relating to human sexuality, including human sexual anatomy, Human sexual activity, sexual activity, sexual reproduction, safe sex, birth ...

Social capital Social capital is a concept used in sociology and economics to define networks of relationships which are productive towards advancing the goals of individuals and groups. It involves the effective functioning of social groups through interper ...

Social change Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at a larger scale, it may lead to social transformation or societal transformat ...

* Social conflict theory *

Social control Social control is the regulations, sanctions, mechanisms, and systems that restrict the behaviour of individuals in accordance with social norms and orders. Through both informal and formal means, individuals and groups exercise social con ...

** Pure sociology * Social economy *

Social policy Some professionals and universities consider social policy a subset of public policy, while other practitioners characterize social policy and public policy to be two separate, competing approaches for the same public interest (similar to MD a ...

Social stratification Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political ...

* Social theory * Social transformation ** Computational sociology **

Socioeconomics Economic sociology is the study of the social cause and effect of various economic phenomena. The field can be broadly divided into a classical period and a contemporary one, known as "new economic sociology". The classical period was concerned ...

***

Economic development In economics, economic development (or economic and social development) is the process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region, local community, or an individual are improved according to targeted goals and object ...

*** Social development *

Sociobiology Sociobiology is a field of biology that aims to explain social behavior in terms of evolution. It draws from disciplines including psychology, ethology, anthropology, evolution, zoology, archaeology, and population genetics. Within the study of ...

* Sociocybernetics * Sociolinguistics * Sociology of aging * Sociology of agriculture *

Sociology of art The sociology of art is a subfield of sociology that explores the societal dimensions of art and aesthetics. Scholars who have written on the sociology of art include Pierre Bourdieu, Vera Zolberg, Howard S. Becker, Arnold Hauser (art historian ...

* Sociology of autism * Sociology of childhood * Sociology of conflict * Sociology of culture * Sociology of cyberspace * Sociology of development * Sociology of deviance * Sociology of disaster * Sociology of education * Sociology of emotions * Sociology of fatherhood * Sociology of finance *

Sociology of food The sociology of food is the study of food and how it relates to the history, progression, and future development of society, society. Studies includes the production and consumption of food as well as its medical, spiritual and ethical applic ...

* Sociology of gender * Sociology of generations * Sociology of globalization * Sociology of government *

Sociology of health and illness The sociology of health and illness, sociology of health and wellness, or health sociology examines the interaction between society and health. As a field of study it is interested in all aspects of life, including contemporary as well as histori ...

* Sociology of human consciousness * Sociology of immigration *

Sociology of knowledge The sociology of knowledge is the study of the relationship between human thought, the social context within which it arises, and the effects that prevailing ideas have on societies. It is not a specialized area of sociology. Instead, it deals w ...

Sociology of language Sociology of language is the study of the relations between language and society. It is closely related to the field of sociolinguistics, which focuses on the effect of society on language. One of its longest and most prolific practitioners was J ...

Sociology of law The sociology of law, legal sociology, or law and society, is often described as a sub-discipline of sociology or an interdisciplinary approach within legal studies. Some see sociology of law as belonging "necessarily" to the field of sociolo ...

* Sociology of leisure * Sociology of literature * Sociology of markets * Sociology of marriage * Sociology of motherhood * Sociology of music * Sociology of natural resources * Sociology of organizations * Sociology of peace, war, and social conflict * Sociology of punishment * Sociology of race and ethnic relations *

Sociology of religion Sociology of religion is the study of the beliefs, practices and organizational forms of religion using the tools and methods of the discipline of sociology. This objective investigation may include the use both of Quantitative research, quantit ...

* Sociology of risk * Sociology of science * Sociology of scientific knowledge * Sociology of social change * Sociology of social movements * Sociology of space * Sociology of sport * Sociology of technology * Sociology of terrorism * Sociology of the body *

Sociology of the family Sociology of the family is a subfield of sociology in which researchers and academics study family structure as a social institution and unit of socialization from various sociological perspectives. It can be seen as an example of patterned soci ...

* Sociology of the history of science * Sociology of the Internet * Sociology of work * Sociomusicology * Structural sociology * Theoretical sociology * Urban studies or Urban sociology/Rural sociology * Victimology * Visual sociology

Natural science

Biology

* Aerobiology * Anatomy ** Comparative anatomy ** Human anatomy (Outline of human anatomy, outline) * Biochemistry (Outline of biochemistry, outline) * Bioinformatics * Biophysics (Outline of biophysics, outline) * Biotechnology (Outline of biotechnology, outline) * Botany (Outline of botany, outline) ** Ethnobotany ** Phycology * Cell biology (Outline of cell biology, outline) * Chronobiology * Computational biology * Cryobiology * Developmental biology ** Embryology ** Teratology * Ecology (Outline of ecology, outline) ** Agroecology ** Ethnoecology ** Human ecology ** Landscape ecology * Endocrinology * Epigenetics * Ethnobiology ** Anthrozoology * Evolutionary biology * Genetics (Outline of genetics, outline) ** Behavioural genetics ** Molecular genetics ** Population genetics * Histology * Human biology * Immunology (Outline of immunology, outline) * Limnology * Linnaean taxonomy * Marine biology * Mathematical biology * Microbiology ** Bacteriology ** Protistology * Molecular biology * Mycology * Neuroscience (Outline of neuroscience, outline) ** Behavioral neuroscience * Nutrition (Outline of nutrition, outline) * Paleobiology ** Paleontology * Parasitology * Pathology ** Anatomical pathology ** Clinical pathology ** Dermatopathology ** Forensic pathology ** Hematopathology ** Histopathology ** Molecular pathology ** Surgical pathology * Physiology ** Human physiology *** Exercise physiology * Structural Biology * Systematics (Taxonomy (general), Taxonomy) * Systems biology * Virology ** Molecular virology * Xenobiology * Zoology (Outline of zoology, outline) ** Animal communications ** Apiology ** Arachnology ** Arthropodology ** Batrachology ** Bryozoology ** Carcinology ** Cetology ** Cnidariology ** Entomology *** Forensic entomology ** Ethnozoology ** Ethology ** Helminthology ** Herpetology ** Ichthyology (Outline of fish, outline) ** Invertebrate zoology ** Mammalogy *** Cynology *** Felinology ** Malacology *** Conchology *** Limacology *** Teuthology ** Myriapodology ** Myrmecology (Outline of ants, outline) ** Nematology ** Neuroethology ** Oology ** Ornithology (Outline of birds, outline) ** Planktology ** Primatology ** Zootomy ** Zoosemiotics

Chemistry

* Agrochemistry * Analytical chemistry * Astrochemistry * Atmospheric chemistry * Biochemistry (Outline of biochemistry, outline) * Chemical biology * Chemical engineering (Outline of chemical engineering, outline) * Cheminformatics * Computational chemistry * Cosmochemistry * Electrochemistry * Environmental chemistry * Femtochemistry * Flavour (taste), Flavor * Flow chemistry *

* Green chemistry * Histochemistry * Hydrogenation * Immunochemistry * Inorganic chemistry * Marine chemistry * Mathematical chemistry * Mechanochemistry * Medicinal chemistry * Molecular biology * Molecular mechanics * Nanotechnology * Natural product chemistry * Neurochemistry * Oenology * Organic chemistry (Outline of organic chemistry, outline) * Organometallic chemistry * Petrochemistry * Pharmacology * Photochemistry * Physical chemistry * Physical organic chemistry * Phytochemistry * Polymer chemistry * Quantum chemistry * Radiochemistry * Solid-state chemistry * Sonochemistry * Supramolecular chemistry * Surface chemistry * Synthetic chemistry * Theoretical chemistry * Thermochemistry

Earth science

* Chronology * Edaphology * Environmental chemistry * Environmental science * Gemology *

* Geodesy *

(Outline of geography#Physical geography, outline) ** Atmospheric science /

(Outline of meteorology, outline) **

/ Phytogeography **

/ Paleoclimatology / Palaeogeography ** Coastal geography /

** Edaphology / Pedology or Soil science ** Geobiology **

(Outline of geology, outline) (

, Sedimentology, Speleology, Tectonics, Volcanology) ** Geostatistics **

(Outline of hydrology, outline)/ Limnology / Hydrogeology ** Landscape ecology ** Quaternary science *

(Outline of geophysics, outline) * Paleontology ** Paleobiology ** Paleoecology

Astronomy

* Astrobiology * Observational astronomy ** Gamma ray astronomy ** Infrared astronomy ** Timeline of cosmic microwave background astronomy, Microwave astronomy ** Optical astronomy ** Radio astronomy ** UV astronomy ** X-ray astronomy * Astrophysics ** Gravity, Gravitational astronomy *** Black holes * Cosmology ** Physical cosmology * Interstellar medium * Direct numerical simulation, Numerical simulations ** Astrophysical plasma ** Galaxy formation and evolution ** High-energy astronomy, High-energy astrophysics ** Hydrodynamics ** Magnetohydrodynamics ** Star formation * Star, Stellar astrophysics ** Helioseismology ** Stellar evolution ** Stellar nucleosynthesis * Planetary science

Physics

* Acoustics * Aerodynamics * Applied physics * Astrophysics * Atmospheric physics * Atomic, molecular, and optical physics * Biophysics (Outline of biophysics, outline) * Computational physics * Condensed matter physics * Cryogenics * Electricity * Electromagnetism * Elementary particle physics * Experimental physics * Fluid dynamics *

(Outline of geophysics, outline) * Mathematical physics * Mechanics * Medical physics * Molecular physics * Newton's laws of motion, Newtonian dynamics * Nuclear physics * Optics * Plasma physics * Quantum physics * Solid mechanics * Solid state physics * Statistical mechanics * Theoretical physics * Thermal physics * Thermodynamics

Formal science

Computer science

''Also a branch of electrical engineering'' * Logic in computer science ** Formal methods (Formal verification) ** Logic programming ** Multi-valued logic *** Fuzzy logic ** Formal semantics of programming languages, Programming language semantics ** Type theory * Algorithms ** Computational geometry ** Distributed algorithms ** Parallel algorithms ** Randomized algorithms * Artificial intelligence (Outline of artificial intelligence, outline) ** Cognitive science *** Automated reasoning *** Computer vision (Outline of computer vision, outline) *** Machine learning **** Artificial neural networks ***

( Computational linguistics) ** Expert systems ** Robotics (Outline of robotics, outline) * Data science * Data structures * Computer architecture * Computer graphics ** Image processing ** Scientific visualization * Computer networking, Computer communications (networks) ** Cloud computing ** Information theory ** Internet, World Wide Web ** Ubiquitous computing ** Wireless computing (Mobile computing) * Computer security and High availability, reliability ** Cryptography ** Fault-tolerant system, Fault-tolerant computing * Computing in mathematics, natural sciences, engineering, and medicine ** Symbolic computation, Algebraic (symbolic) computation ** Computational biology (bioinformatics) ** Computational chemistry ** Computational mathematics ** Computational neuroscience ** Computational number theory ** Computational physics ** Computer-aided engineering *** Computational fluid dynamics *** Finite element analysis ** Numerical analysis ** Scientific computing (Computational science) * Computing in

s, The arts, arts, humanities, and professions ** Community informatics ** Computational economics ** Computational finance ** Computational sociology ** Digital humanities (Humanities computing) ** History of computer hardware ** History of computer science (Outline of computer science#History of computer science, outline) ** Humanistic informatics ** Databases (Outline of databases, outline) *** Distributed databases *** Object databases *** Relational databases ** Data management ** Data mining ** Information architecture ** Information management ** Information retrieval ** Knowledge management ** Multimedia, hypermedia *** Sound and music computing * Distributed computing ** Grid computing * Human-computer interaction * Operating systems * Parallel computing ** High-performance computing * Programming languages ** Compilers ** Programming paradigms *** Concurrent programming language, Concurrent programming *** Functional programming *** Imperative programming *** Logic programming *** Object-oriented programming ** Program semantics ** Type theory * Quantum computing * Software engineering ** Formal methods (Formal verification) * Theory of computation ** Automata theory (Formal languages) ** Computability theory (computer science), Computability theory ** Computational complexity theory ** Concurrency (computer science)#Theory, Concurrency theory * Very-large-scale integration, VLSI design

Mathematics

Pure mathematics

and Foundations of mathematics ** Intuitionistic logic ** Modal logic ** Model theory ** Proof theory ** Recursion theory ** Set theory * Arithmetic * Algebra (Outline of algebra, outline) ** Associative algebra ** Category theory *** Topos theory ** Differential algebra ** Field theory (mathematics), Field theory ** Group theory *** Group representation ** Homological algebra ** K-theory ** Lattice theory (Order theory) ** Lie algebra ** Linear algebra (Vector space) ** Multilinear algebra ** Non-associative algebra ** Representation theory ** Ring theory *** Commutative algebra *** Noncommutative algebra ** Universal algebra * Mathematical analysis, Analysis ** Complex analysis ** Functional analysis *** Operator theory ** Harmonic analysis *** Fourier analysis ** Non-standard analysis ** Ordinary differential equations ** p-adic analysis ** Partial differential equations ** Real analysis *** Calculus (Outline of calculus, outline) * Probability theory ** Ergodic theory ** Measure theory *** Integral geometry ** Stochastic process * Geometry (Outline of geometry, outline) and Topology ** Affine geometry ** Algebraic geometry ** Algebraic topology ** Convex geometry ** Differential topology ** Discrete geometry ** Finite geometry ** Galois geometry ** General topology ** Geometric topology ** Integral geometry ** Noncommutative geometry ** Non-Euclidean geometry ** Projective geometry * Number theory ** Algebraic number theory ** Analytic number theory ** Arithmetic combinatorics ** Geometric number theory

Applied mathematics

* Approximation theory * Combinatorics (Outline of combinatorics, outline) ** Coding theory * Cryptography * Dynamical systems ** Chaos theory ** Fractal geometry * Game theory * Graph theory * Information theory * Mathematical physics ** Quantum field theory ** Quantum gravity *** String theory ** Quantum mechanics ** Statistical mechanics * Numerical analysis * Operations research ** Assignment problem ** Decision analysis ** Dynamic programming ** Inventory theory ** Linear programming ** Mathematical optimization ** Optimal maintenance ** Real options analysis ** Job shop scheduling, Scheduling ** Stochastic processes ** Systems analysis * Statistics (Outline of statistics, outline) ** Actuarial science ** Demography **

** Mathematical statistics ** Data visualization * Theory of computation ** Computational complexity theory * Mathematical Games and Puzzles ** Mathematical Game ** Mathematical Puzzles

Applied science

Agriculture

* Aeroponics * Agroecology * Agrology * Agronomy * Animal husbandry (Animal science) ** Beekeeping (Apiculture) * Anthroponics * Agricultural economics * Agricultural engineering ** Biological systems engineering ** Food engineering * Aquaculture * Aquaponics * Enology * Entomology * Fogponics * Food science ** Culinary arts * Forestry * Horticulture *

(Outline of hydrology, outline) * Hydroponics * Pedology * Plant science (Outline of botany, outline) ** Pomology * Pest control * Water purification, Purification * Viticulture

Architecture and design

(Outline of architecture, outline) ** Interior architecture **

* Architectural analytics *

( interior architecture) *

(landscape planning) * Landscape design * Urban planning (urban design) * Visual communication **

*** Type design **

* Industrial design (product design) ** Ergonomics (Outline of ergonomics, outline) ** Toy and amusement design * User experience design ** Interaction design ** Information architecture ** User interface design ** User experience evaluation *

* Fashion design * Textile design * Food design

Business

* Accounting ** Accounting research ** Accounting scholarship * Business administration * Business analysis * Business ethics * Business law * Business management * E-Business * Entrepreneurship * Finance (Outline of finance, outline) * Industrial relations, Industrial and labor relations ** Collective bargaining ** Human resources ** Organizational studies ** Labor economics ** Labor history (discipline), Labor history * Information systems (Business informatics) ** Management information systems ** Health informatics * Information technology (Outline of information technology, outline) * International trade * Management (Outline of business management, outline) * Marketing (Outline of marketing, outline) * Operations management * Purchasing * Risk management and insurance * Systems science

Education

* Comparative education * Critical pedagogy * Curriculum and instruction ** Alternative education ** Early childhood education ** Elementary education ** Secondary education ** Higher education ** Mastery learning ** Cooperative learning ** Agricultural education ** Art education ** Bilingual education ** Chemistry education ** Counselor education ** Language education ** Legal education ** Mathematics education ** Medical education ** Military education and training **

** Nursing education ** Outdoor education ** Peace education ** Physical education/Coach (sport), Sports coaching ** Physics education ** Reading education ** Religious education ** Science education ** Special education **

** Sociology of education ** Technology education ** Vocational education * Educational leadership * Educational philosophy *

* Educational technology * Distance education

Engineering and technology

Chemical engineering

* Bioengineering ** Biochemical engineering ** Biomolecular engineering * Catalysis * Materials engineering * Molecular engineering * Nanotechnology * Polymer engineering * Process design ** Petroleum engineering ** Nuclear engineering ** Food engineering * Process engineering * Reaction engineering * Thermodynamics * Transport phenomena

Civil engineering

* Coastal engineering * Earthquake engineering * Ecological engineering * Environmental engineering * Geotechnical engineering ** Engineering geology * Hydraulic engineering * Mining engineering * Transportation engineering ** Highway engineering * Structural engineering ** Architectural engineering * Structural mechanics * Surveying

Educational technology

* Instructional design ** Distance education ** Instructional simulation * Human performance technology * Knowledge management

Electrical engineering

* Applied physics * Computer engineering (Outline of computer engineering, outline) * Computer science * Control engineering, Control systems engineering ** Control theory * Electronic engineering ** Instrumentation engineering * Engineering physics ** Photonics * Information theory * Mechatronics * Power engineering * Quantum computing * Robotics (Outline of robotics, outline) * Semiconductors * Telecommunications engineering

Materials science

* Biomaterials * Ceramic engineering * Crystallography * Nanomaterials * Photonics * Metallurgy, Physical Metallurgy * Polymer engineering * Polymer science * Semiconductors

Mechanical engineering

* Aerospace engineering **Aeronautics **Astronautics * Acoustical engineering * Automotive engineering * Biomedical engineering ** Biomechanical engineering ** Neural engineering * Continuum mechanics * Fluid mechanics * Heat transfer * Industrial engineering * Manufacturing engineering * Marine propulsion, Marine engineering * Mass transfer * Mechatronics * Nanoengineering * Offshore construction, Ocean engineering * Optical engineering * Robotics * Thermodynamics

Systems science

* Chaos theory * Complex systems * Conceptual systems * Control theory ** Affect control theory ** Control engineering ** Control systems ** Dynamical systems ** Perceptual control theory * Cybernetics ** Biocybernetics ** Engineering cybernetics ** Management cybernetics ** Medical cybernetics ** New Cybernetics ** Second-order cybernetics ** Sociocybernetics * Network science * Operations research * Systems biology ** Computational systems biology ** Synthetic biology ** Systems immunology ** Systems neuroscience * System dynamics ** Social dynamics * Systems ecology ** Ecosystem ecology * Systems engineering ** Biological systems engineering ** Earth systems engineering and management ** Enterprise systems engineering ** Systems analysis * Systems psychology ** Ergonomics ** Family systems theory ** Systemic therapy * Systems theory ** Biochemical systems theory ** Ecological systems theory ** Developmental systems theory ** General systems theory ** Living systems theory ** LTI system theory ** Mathematical system theory ** Sociotechnical systems theory ** World-systems theory * Systems theory in anthropology

Environmental studies and forestry

* Environmental management ** Coastal management ** Fisheries management ** Land management ** Natural resource management ** Waste management ** Wildlife management * Environmental policy * Wildlife observation * Recreation ecology * Silviculture * Sustainability studies ** Sustainable development * Toxicology * Ecology

Family and consumer science

* Consumer education * Housing *

* Nutrition (Outline of nutrition, outline) ** Foodservice management * Textiles

Human physical performance and recreation

* Biomechanics / Sports biomechanics * Coach (sport), Sports coaching * Escapology * Ergonomics * Physical fitness ** Aerobics ** Personal trainer / Personal fitness training * Game design * Exercise physiology * Kinesiology / Exercise physiology / Performance science * Leisure studies * Navigation * Outdoor activity * Physical activity * Physical education / Pedagogy * Sociology of sport *

* Sports / exercise * Sports journalism / sportscasting * Sport management ** Athletic Administration, Athletic director * Sport psychology * Sports medicine ** Athletic training * Survival skills ** Batoning ** Bushcraft ** Scoutcraft ** Woodcraft * Toy and amusement design

Journalism, media studies and communication

* Journalism (Outline of journalism, outline) ** Broadcast journalism ** Digital journalism ** Creative nonfiction, Literary journalism ** New media journalism ** Journalism, Print journalism ** Sports journalism / Broadcasting of sports events, sportscasting * Media studies (Mass media) ** Newspaper ** Magazine ** Radio (Outline of radio, outline) **

( outline) *** Television studies ** Film ( outline) *** Film studies ** Game studies ** Fan studies * Narratology ** Internet (Outline of the Internet, outline) * Communication studies ** Advertising ** Animal communication ** Communication design ** Conspiracy theory ** Digital media ** Electronic media ** Environmental communication ** Hoax ** Information theory ** Cross-cultural communication, Intercultural communication ** Marketing (Outline of marketing, outline) ** Mass communication ** Nonverbal communication ** Organizational communication ** Popular culture studies ** Propaganda ** Public relations (Outline of public relations, outline) ** Speech communication ** Technical writing ** Translation

Law

''Also regarded as a social science'' ''Also Outline of academic disciplines#Law, listed in Humanities'' *

** Mercantile law ** Business law *

( outline) *** Police science ***

( outline) * Islamic law * Jewish law ( outline) *

(Philosophy of Law) * Civil law ** Admiralty law ** Animal law/

** Environmental law ** Family law **

***

*** Supranational law ** Labor law ** Paralegal studies **

( outline) * Law enforcement (Outline of law enforcement, outline) *

* Substantive law

Library and museum studies

* Archival science * Archivist * Bibliographic databases * Bibliometrics * Bookmobile * Cataloging ** Citation analysis * Categorization * Classification ** Library classification ** Taxonomic classification ** Scientific classification ** Statistical classification ** Security classification ** Film classification * Collections care * Librarian#Librarian roles and duties, Collection management * Collection Management Policy * Conservation science (cultural heritage), Conservation science * Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage * Curator * Data storage * Database management * Data modeling * Digital preservation * Dissemination * Film preservation * Five laws of library science *

* Library science#History, History of library science * Human-computer interaction * Bibliographic index, Indexer * Informatics * Information architecture * Information broker * Information literacy * Information retrieval * Information science (Outline of information science, outline) * Information systems and technology * Integrated library system * Interlibrary loan * Knowledge engineering * Knowledge management * Library * Library binding * Library circulation * Library instruction * Library portal * Library technical services * Management * Mass deacidification * Museology * Museum education ** Arts administration, Museum administration * Object conservation * Historic preservation, Preservation * Prospect research * Readers' advisory * Records management * Reference * Reference desk * Reference management software * Registrar (museum), Registrar * Research methods * Slow fire * Special library * Statistics

Medicine and health

* Alternative medicine * Audiology * Clinical laboratory sciences/Clinical pathology/Laboratory medicine ** Clinical biochemistry ** Cytogenetics ** Cytohematology ** cell biology, Cytology (Outline of cell biology, outline) ** Haemostasiology ** Histology ** Clinical immunology ** Clinical microbiology ** Molecular genetics ** Parasitology * Clinical physiology * Dentistry (Outline of dentistry and oral health, outline) ** Dental hygienist, Dental hygiene and epidemiology ** Dental surgery ** Endodontics ** Dental implant, Implantology ** Oral and maxillofacial surgery ** Orthodontics ** Periodontics ** Prosthodontics * Dermatology * Emergency medicine (Outline of emergency medicine, outline) * Epidemiology * Geriatrics * Gynaecology * Health informatics/Clinical informatics * Hematology * Holistic medicine * Infectious disease * Intensive care medicine * Internal medicine ** Cardiology *** Cardiac electrophysiology ** Endocrinology ** Gastroenterology ** Hepatology ** Nephrology ** Neurology ** Oncology ** Pulmonology ** Rheumatology * Medical toxicology * Music therapy * Nursing * Nutrition (Outline of nutrition, outline) and dietetics * Obstetrics (Outline of obstetrics, outline) * Occupational hygiene * Occupational therapy * Occupational toxicology * Ophthalmology ** Neuro-ophthalmology * Optometry * Otolaryngology * Pathology * Pediatrics * Pharmaceutical sciences ** Pharmaceutical chemistry ** Toxicology, Pharmaceutical toxicology ** Pharmaceutics ** Pharmacocybernetics ** Pharmacodynamics ** Pharmacogenomics ** Pharmacognosy ** Pharmacokinetics ** Pharmacology ** Pharmacy * Physical fitness ** Group Fitness / aerobics ** Kinesiology / Exercise science / Human performance ** Personal fitness training * Physical therapy * Physiotherapy * Podiatry * Preventive healthcare, Preventive medicine * Primary care ** General medical services, General practice * Psychiatry (Outline of psychiatry, outline) ** Forensic psychiatry * Psychology (Outline of psychology, outline) * Public health * Radiology * Recreational therapy * Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine * Respiratory therapy * Sleep medicine * Speech–language pathology * Sports medicine * Surgery ** Bariatric surgery ** Cardiothoracic surgery ** Neurosurgery ** Orthoptics ** Orthopedic surgery ** Plastic surgery ** Trauma surgery ** Traumatology * Traditional medicine * Urology ** Andrology * Veterinary medicine

Military sciences

* Amphibious warfare * Artillery * Battlespace ** Aerial warfare, Air ** Information warfare, Information ** Ground warfare, Land ** Naval warfare, Sea ** Space warfare, Space * Military campaign, Campaigning * Military engineering * Doctrine * Espionage * Game theory *Grand strategy ** Containment **Limited war ** Military science (Outline of military science and technology, outline) ** Philosophy of war ** Strategic studies ** Chess ** Total war ** War (Outline of war, outline) * Leadership * Military logistics, Logistics ** Materiel ** Military supply chain management, Supply chain management * Military operation * Military history ** Prehistoric warfare, Prehistoric ** Ancient warfare, Ancient ** Medieval warfare, Medieval ** Early modern warfare, Early modern ** Industrial warfare, Industrial ** Modern warfare, Modern ** Fourth-generation warfare * Military intelligence * Military law * Military medicine * Naval science ** Naval engineering ** Naval tactics ** Naval architecture *Military organization, Organization ** Command and control ** Doctrine ** Military education and training, Education and training ** Military engineering, Engineers ** Military intelligence, Intelligence ** Military rank, Ranks ** Staff (military), Staff ** Military technology, Technology and equipment ** Military exercises ** Military simulation ** Military sports * Strategy ** Attrition warfare, Attrition ** Military deception, Deception ** Strategic defence, Defensive ** Offensive (military), Offensive ** Counter-offensive ** Maneuver warfare, Maneuver ** Strategic goal (military), Goal ** Naval strategy, Naval * Military tactics, Tactics ** Air combat manoeuvring, Aerial ** Battle ** Cavalry tactics, Cavalry ** Charge (warfare), Charge ** Counter-attack ** Counter-insurgency ** Counter-intelligence ** Counter-terrorism ** Defensive fighting position, Foxhole ** Endemic warfare ** Guerrilla warfare ** Infiltration tactics, Infiltration ** Irregular warfare ** Morale ** Naval tactics ** Siege ** Surgical strike ** Tactical objective ** Trench warfare * Weapon, Military weapons ** Armoured warfare, Armor ** Artillery ** Biological warfare, Biological ** Cavalry ** Conventional warfare, Conventional ** Chemical warfare, Chemical ** Cyberweapon, Cyber ** Economic warfare, Economic ** Electronic warfare, Electronic ** Infantry ** Nuclear warfare, Nuclear ** Psychological warfare, Psychological ** Unconventional warfare, Unconventional * Other Military ** Arms control ** Arms race ** Assassination ** Asymmetric warfare ** Civil defense ** Clandestine operation ** Collateral damage ** Cold war (general term) ** Combat ** Covert operation ** Cyberwarfare ** Defense industry ** Disarmament ** Intelligence agency ** Laws of war ** Mercenary ** Military campaign ** Military operation ** Mock combat ** Network-centric warfare ** Paramilitary ** Principles of war ** Private defense agency ** Private military company ** Proxy war ** Religious war ** Security ** Special forces ** Special operations ** Theater (warfare) ** Theft ** Undercover operation, Undercover ** War crimes ** Warrior

Public administration

* Civil service * Corrections * Conservation biology *

( outline) * Disaster research * Disaster response *

* Emergency services * Fire safety (Structural fire protection) * Fire ecology (Wildland fire management) * Governmental affairs * international relations, International affairs * Law enforcement * Peace and conflict studies * Police science * Policy studies ** Policy analysis *

** Nonprofit administration ** Non-governmental organization (NGO) administration ** Public policy doctrine ** Public policy school ** Regulation * Public safety * Public service

Public policy

* Agricultural policy * Commercial policy * Cultural policy * Domestic policy * Drug policy ** Drug policy reform * Economic policy ** Fiscal policy ** Incomes policy ** Industrial policy ** Investment policy ** Monetary policy ** Tax policy * Education policy * Energy policy ** Nuclear energy policy ** Renewable energy policy * Environmental policy * Food policy * Foreign policy * Governance * Health policy ** Pharmaceutical policy ** Vaccination policy * Housing policy * Immigration policy * Knowledge policy * Language policy * Military policy * Science policy ** Climate change policy ** Stem cell research policy ** Space policy ** Technology policy * Security policy *

* List of public policy topics by country, Public policy by country

Social work

* Child welfare * Community practice ** Community organizing **

* Human Services * Corrections * Gerontology * Medical social work * Mental health * School social worker, School social work

Transportation

* Highway safety * Infographics * Intermodal passenger transport, Intermodal transportation studies * Logistics * Marine transportation ** Port management ** Seafaring * Operations research * Mass transit * Travel * Vehicles

External links

Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP 2000)
Developed by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics to provide a taxonomic scheme that will support the accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completions activity.
Complete JACS
(Joint Academic Classification of Subjects) from Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) in the United Kingdom * Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification]
(ANZSRC 2008)web-page
) Chapter 3 and Appendix 1: Fields of research classification.
Fields of Knowledge
a zoomable map allowing the academic disciplines and sub-disciplines in this article be visualised.
Sandoz, R. (ed.), ''Interactive Historical Atlas of the Disciplines'', University of Geneva
{{Outline footer Outlines of general reference, academic disciplines Academic disciplines Educational classification systems Education-related lists Science-related lists Higher education-related lists Outlines, academic disciplines

Humanities

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Pure mathematics

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See also

Further reading

External links